欢迎转载引用 copyleft by yzjboy all lefts reserved 2005.06.10

1、 软件下载
heartbeat-1.2.3.tar.gz和相关依赖软件(如果已经安装了开发工具包，一般只需要下载libnet-1.1.0-1.fr.c.1.um.1.i386.rpm即可)
www.linux-ha.org
2、 软件安装
rpm –ivh libnet-1.1.0-1.fr.c.1.um.1.i386.rpm
tar heartbeat-1.2.3.tar.gz
./configure
make
make install
3、 软件配置
如果不指定安装路径，默认情况下，配置文件在/usr/local/etc/ha.d/下，而相关可执行程序在/usr/local/lib/heartbeat/下。主要的配置文件有3个，aukeys,ha.cf和haresources。下面具体说一下这3个文件的具体功能以及配置。
在说明配置之前先大致阐述一下heartbeat的工作原理：heartbeat最核心的包括两个部分，心跳监测部分和资源接管部分，心跳监测可以通过网络链路和串口进行，而且支持冗余链路，目前1.2.3版本只支持2个节点间的监测和备份(
release 2将支持多个节点，可惜正在开发之中),它们之间相互发送报文来告诉对方自己当前的状态，如果在指定的时间内未受到对方发送的报文，那么就认为对方失效，这时需启动资源接管模块来接管运行在对方主机上的资源或者服务。
3.1 authkeys
heartbeat的认证配置文件
#
# Authentication file. Must be mode 600
#
#
# Must have exactly one auth directive at the front.
# auth send authentication using this method-id
#
# Then, list the method and key that go with that method-id
#
# Available methods: crc sha1, md5. Crc doesn't need/want a key.
#
# You normally only have one authentication method-id listed in this file
#
# Put more than one to make a smooth transition when changing auth
# methods and/or keys.
#
#
# sha1 is believed to be the "best", md5 next best.
#
# crc adds no security, except from packet corruption.
# Use only on physically secure networks.
#
#auth 1
#1 crc
#2 sha1 HI!
#3 md5 Hello!
注释说得很清楚，在这里我还是解释一下，该文件主要是用于集群中两个节点的认证，采用的算法和密钥(如果有的话)在集群中节点上必须相同，目前提供了3种算法：md5,sha1和crc。其中crc不能够提供认证，它只能够用于校验数据包是否损坏，而sha1,md5需要一个密钥来进行认证，从资源消耗的角度来讲，md5消耗的比较多，sha1次之，因此建议一般使用sha1算法。
我们如果要采用sha1算法，只需要将authkeys中的auth 指令(去掉注释符)改为2，而对应的2 sha1行则需要去掉注释符(#)，后面的密钥自己改变(两节点上必须相同)。改完之后，保存，同时需要改变该文件的属性为600，否则heartbeat启动将失败。具体命令为：chmod 600 authkeys

3.2 ha.cf
heartbeat的主要配置文件，由于该文件比较大，我的注释就直接写在相关地方了，如果我们要采用哪个配置选项(或指令)，只需要去掉前面的注释符即可。
#
# There are lots of options in this file. All you have to have is a set
# of nodes listed {"node ...} one of {serial, bcast, mcast, or ucast},
# and a value for "auto_failback".
#
# ATTENTION: As the configuration file is read line by line,
# THE ORDER OF DIRECTIVE MATTERS!
#
# In particular, make sure that the udpport, serial baud rate
# etc. are set before the heartbeat media are defined!
# debug and log file directives go into effect when they
# are encountered.
#
# All will be fine if you keep them ordered as in this example.
#
#
# Note on logging:
# If any of debugfile, logfile and logfacility are defined then they
# will be used. If debugfile and/or logfile are not defined and
# logfacility is defined then the respective logging and debug
# messages will be loged to syslog. If logfacility is not defined
# then debugfile and logfile will be used to log messges. If
# logfacility is not defined and debugfile and/or logfile are not
# defined then defaults will be used for debugfile and logfile as
# required and messages will be sent there.
#
# File to write debug messages to 用于记录heartbeat的调试信息
#debugfile /var/log/ha-debug
#
#
# File to write other messages to 用于记录heartbeat的日志信息
#
#logfile /var/log/ha-log
#
#
# Facility to use for syslog()/logger
#如果未定义上述的日志文件，那么日志信息将送往local0(对应的#/var/log/messages)，如果这3个日志文件都未定义，那么heartbeat默认情况下
#将在/var/log下建立ha-debug和ha-log来记录相应的日志信息。
logfacility local0
#
#
# A note on specifying "how long" times below...
#
# The default time unit is seconds
# 10 means ten seconds
#
# You can also specify them in milliseconds
# 1500ms means 1.5 seconds
#
#
# keepalive: how long between heartbeats?
#发送心跳报文的间隔，默认单位为秒，如果你毫秒为单位，那么需要在后面跟
#ms单位，如1500ms即代表1.5s
#keepalive 2
#
# deadtime: how long-to-declare-host-dead?
#
# If you set this too low you will get the problematic
# split-brain (or cluster partition) problem.
# See the FAQ for how to use warntime to tune deadtime.
#用于配置认为对方节点菪掉的间隔
#deadtime 30
#
# warntime: how long before issuing "late heartbeat" warning?
# See the FAQ for how to use warntime to tune deadtime.
#发出最后的心跳警告报文的间隔
#warntime 10
#
#
# Very first dead time (initdead)
#
# On some machines/OSes, etc. the network takes a while to come up
# and start working right after you've been rebooted. As a result
# we have a separate dead time for when things first come up.
# It should be at least twice the normal dead time.
#网络启动的时间
#initdead 120
#
#
# What UDP port to use for bcast/ucast communication?
#广播/单播通讯使用的udp端口
#udpport 694
#
# Baud rate for

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